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-
- Disk Recovery
- =============
-
- I sincerely hope that you will never need to use the information
- in this file, but include it just in case any mishaps occur whilst
- SAFEPACK is running.
-
- Due to the way that SAFEPACK is written, disruption of the program
- at any stage should not affect the integrity of your data, but may
- cause minor disruption to the organisation of the disk, such that
- it should be tidied up before further use. This file contains
- information on how do perform this tidying, and an explanation of
- the error messages that may be encountered.
-
- In the vast majority of cases of interruption to the program,
- including all cases of user break-in with ctrl-break, the disk
- should remain in a perfectly acceptable, usable condition, causing
- DOS no problems. It may well be even more fragmented than before,
- but that shouldn't cause any problems that another run of SAFEPACK
- wouldn't cure! In rare cases, however, if the interruption occurs
- while the directories are being written, two types of 'error' will
- be noticed by CHKDSK, namely:
-
- 1) Invalid sub-directory
- ------------------------
-
- Despite sounding serious, the form of this error left by SAFEPACK
- is actually very minor, and refers to the fact that the .. entry
- at the start of a sub-directory may not point correctly to the
- parent directory. Since the parent's entry pointing at the
- sub-directory is correct, CHKDSK can fix this fault easily and
- automatically if run with the /F switch, i.e. CHKDSK drive: /F.
-
- 2) 'Lost' clusters
- ------------------
-
- This error can occur as moved clusters at the start of a file are
- allocated together into a chain before the directory entry
- pointing at them is updated, and the originals are only
- de-allocated after the directory is updated. If, therefore, the
- defragmentation is interrupted in the middle of this process, then
- one or other of the chains will be reported by CHKDSK as 'lost'.
- As the contents of the chains are identical, either chain is
- equally valid, and the 'lost' clusters may safely be freed, making
- their disk space available for re-use. This is most simply
- accomplished by running CHKDSK with the /F switch, and then
- answering NO to the question about whether to convert lost
- clusters to files. Should you have any worries about doing this,
- however, you can easily answer YES to this question then copy the
- files of the form FILExxxx.CHK (all in root directory), to another
- sick before deleting them.
-
-
- --- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 1 ---
-
-
- If other errors are reported by CHKDSK, it would be unwise to
- trust the data on the disk, and it is probably best to re-format
- the disk and restore the backup you took before running SAFEPACK.
- If any such problems occur, please contact the author, with as
- much detail as possible about the circumstances.
-
-
- SAFEPACK Error Messages
- =======================
-
- The majority of SAFEPACK error messages are self-explanatory, and
- most refer to user errors on the command-line such as requesting
- defragmentation of a non-existent disk. Some, however, require
- more explanation.
-
-
- Multi-tasking environment XXX or FASTOPEN detected
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- It is not safe to defragment a disk from within a multi-tasking
- environment such as Windows, and SAFEPACK contains checks for the
- more common of such environments. If you encounter this message
- and are running a multi-tasking environment, terminate the multi-
- tasker before re-running SAFEPACK. If FASTOPEN is found, then it
- is necessary to reboot after removing FASTOPEN from the CONFIG.SYS
- or AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If you really wish to defragment under such
- circumstances and understand what you are doing, or if this error
- occurs without obvious reason, then the checks may be by-passed
- with the /B option. If this error is reported, no writing to the
- disk will have occurred.
-
-
- Error in the File Allocation Table
- ----------------------------------
-
- SAFEPACK performs a stringent test of the disk's file structure
- before starting to defragment it, and will abort with this message
- if any errors are found, however minor. Most common errors may be
- fixed by running CHKDSK with the /F switch - see the DOS manual
- for details. If this error is reported, no writing to the disk
- will have occurred.
-
-
- Insufficient memory for the program to continue
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- This error is most likely to occur if there are more than about
- 5000 files on the disk, or if you have less than 500k of free
- memory. Under some circumstances, it may be possible to run
- SAFEPACK again with the same options, with success. The disk
- should remain fully usable after this error, which is a
- 'controlled exit'.
-
- --- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 2 ---
-
-
-
- Disk read/write errors
- ----------------------
-
- These may be reported under a variety of names such as write
- protect, drive not ready, data error (CRC), seek error, sector not
- found, write fault, read fault, or general failure. If any of
- these errors occur, then there is likely to be a hardware or
- magnetic surface error on the disk concerned, and SAFEPACK will
- ask whether to retry or to abort - the normal ignore option is not
- provided, as misreads of directory sectors could have disastrous
- results. If you have a utility to check &/or repair bad sectors
- then this should be used, but otherwise it may be best to reformat
- the disk, and restore your backup. Note that errors of this type
- are not normally detected by CHKDSK.
-
-
- SAFEPACK Internal errors
- ------------------------
-
- SAFEPACK contains several internal error checks to ensure that it
- is functioning correctly, and if any of these fail then it aborts,
- quoting an error number. These errors should never be seen by
- users, but can be produced if another program is accessing the
- disk at the same time as SAFEPACK, as can occur if it is used
- under a multi-tasking environment with the /B option. Should an
- internal error be reported, please check your disk with CHKDSK,
- and contact the author, providing as much detail as possible about
- the circumstances.
-
-
- Conclusion
- ==========
-
- I hope that this file does not scare anyone from using SAFEPACK,
- as I have yet to know it fail, but only a fool would believe
- himself to have created a perfect program, and I believe that an
- honest discussion of potential problems, however unlikely, is
- better than pretending that they do not exist.
-
- If nothing else, I hope that this document will persuade users to
- perform a full backup of their disk before running ANY
- defragmenter, especially one without SAFEPACK's safety features!
-
-
-
-
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- --- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 3 ---
-
-